Airway Nerve Blocks in Awake İntubation-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CASE STUDIES

Airway Nerve Blocks in Awake İntubation

Authored by Semih Başkan

Awake intubation is one of the strategies which planned according to situation of the patient, surgical procedure, the skill of the anaesthetist, the patient has difficult airway. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is the golden standard for difficult airway patients. Airway reflexes can be removed by performing superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) and glossopharyngeal nerve block. Sedation is needed in this procedure to reduce anxiety and adverse events. We report a case that awake intubation assisted with FOB was performed with a bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve block and ultrasound-guided bilateral SLNB who had a difficult airway, scheduled for direct laryngoscopy.

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Ectopic Scar Pregnancy in a 31-year-old Female with Comorbid: A Case Report and Literature Review-Juniper Publishers

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF CASE STUDIES

Ectopic Scar Pregnancy in a 31-year-old Female with Comorbid: A Case Report and Literature Review

Authored by Sanaa Aslam

An ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of a pregnancy outside the normal uterine cavity. One in 80 pregnancies are ectopic [1]. Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is considered the rarest among ectopic pregnancies. It occurs when the blastocyst implants in a previous Caesarean section scar instead of at the usual site in the uterus. It has an estimated incidence of ~1:1800-2200 pregnancies [2,3]. The overall incidence of this rare form of ectopic pregnancies is increasing worldwide. The current incidence of this type of ectopic pregnancies in women with a previous scar is 6% [4]. The Caesarean section scar can lead to improper healing which makes it more susceptible to implantation. This form of a pregnancy can be life threatening for the mother. In 1978, the first case of a caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy was reported [5]. This form of a pregnancy is usually diagnosed at a gestational age of 5 to 12 weeks [2]. The time interval between the Caesarian section and this type of a pregnancy, on an average, is 6 months to 12 years! [2]. Early diagnosis and recognition of the type of pregnancy can lead to improve in the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Prompt treatment leads to fewer complications.


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